July 30, 2013

  • Thunder and Flame

    The skies were falling.

                Flaming wreckage, spent shot, and wounded aeronauts rained down on the roofs and streets and squares of Aldreach.  The air was full of cannonfire’s distant roar, like the coming of a summer storm.  The morning sun shone in wan streaks through a haze of steam and smoke, and the sky flickered and rumbled.  Now and then, some great comet of burning wood streaked down to kick up a spray of tiles or shingles or cobblestones where it landed.

                What was left of the Tern ground down against a temple spire in the western part of town. A gust of wind tugged at it, but it had lost too much lift.  More and more, its weight settled on the temple’s roof until the clay tiles stove inward and the arches below cracked and the whole mess crumpled inward.  A few last balloonet cells escaped the wreckage, bobbing upward like bubbles from a drowning man’s lips.

                Far away to the east, just outside the city walls, the Lanius settled to an awkward semi-landing against the foot of the Little Bull.  The leaderless aeronauts threw out a makeshift anchor, and began the arduous task of gathering up the bodies of the slain.  Their decks were slick with blood.

                The Culver spiraled downward, still sinking despite the loss of her engine. Midshipman Renatus Brigg clung to the binnacle with both hands and screamed.

                In the station-yard, two trainloads of stranded refugees huddled for what shelter they could, cringing at every roar or boom they heard from the combatants above.

                In the north, Argan soldiers marched down from the ruins of the battery on Paega’s Top, forming a column five abreast.  They met with little resistance as they tramped down Cobbler’s Row, between streets of boarded-up shops and empty townhouses.

                And always,everywhere, I continued to act out my function. I stood beside an Argan aeronaut as he was caught in one of Goshawk’s broadsides.  I wrapped my arms around a Raelunder soldier as he tumbled over the ship’s side.  I sang my song to the engine crew of the Tern as her boilers blew.

                I take no pleasure in my function.  It simply is.  I simply am.


    Copyright Christopher Russo © 2013.   Plagiarizers will be flogged around the fleet.

July 16, 2013

  • Impending Fatherhood and Texas

    Impending fatherhood affects one’s perspective in several ways. Let me walk you through a personal example.

    At 4 weeks — 5 out of 6 pee-sticks agreed that we were pregnant.
    At 5 weeks — Jess went for a very early sonogram. We saw a tiny-white-blur-inside-a-tiny-dark-blur, with the former being the baby and the latter being the amniotic sac.
    At 6 weeks — Another sonogram: we could see a pulsing that was the baby’s heartbeat. (An embryo’s heart is pumping blood through a closed circulatory system by 21 days after conception.) Facial features start to form. Buds form that will become arms and legs.
    At 7 weeks — We could *hear* the heartbeat on the sonogram machine. The heartbeat at this point was about twice as fast as an adult’s. By this point, with the right equipment, we could have detected his or her brain waves.
    At 9 weeks — We watched the little minion kick his or her legs. He or she had a head, feet, arms, all the usual things. Eyes are visible. By this point, he or she has all the equipment necessary to feel the sensation of pain.
    By 11 weeks — The baby looks very baby-shaped. The baby also reacted to the feel of the sonogram, bouncing and kicking off the walls. He or she also gave a smile of sorts, probably just a grimace as he or she experiments with muscle control, but still. Typically, genitals begin to develop by this point.
    At 13 weeks — We watched the baby suck his or her thumb and “wave.”
    At 14 weeks — The little minion starts forming his or her own fingerprints.

    With me so far?

    Then I find out that all this fuss in Texas is about whether the deadline for an abortion should be moved from 24 weeks to 20 weeks. Knocking it back from 24 to 20 is being spoken of as a gross violation of rights.

    Wait, what? Come again for Big Fudge?

    24 weeks is still over two months away for us. We’ve known about this little minion for months already. If this was *not* something we wanted, if we were pro-choice and wanted to abort this baby, what possible confluence of circumstances would lead us to wait that long?

    By 24 weeks, he or she can hear, can swallow, has a startle reflex, has a hairline, has a sleeping-and-waking cycle, makes faces, can respond to the sound of your voice, can survive delivery with today’s medical technology… If she is female, she already has begun developing her own uterus and ovaries… Not that these things add or subtract intrinsic value to a human, but to wait even 20 weeks seems unnecessarily cruel.

    I believe that open dialogue leads to understanding of the other side of an argument, even if disagreement continues. In this case, however, even assuming the pro-choice postulates, I still do not understand the pro-choice conclusions. If I was not pro-life before, impending fatherhood has made me doubly so.

July 4, 2013

  • Announcement

    I started my Xanga when I was in college, over ten years ago.  I’m glad it lasted long enough for this announcement.

    This January, the House of Russo will have a new member.

June 2, 2013

  • Xangans that I’ve met in real life:

    I hope I don’t leave anyone off the list… let’s see here…  Going in approximate chronological order…

    @shanella
    @Gawblesha
    @tolemon
    @da_luvely_lady_la_donna
    @CinnamonVicks
    @danpeck
    @lalalalooneylisa
    @drrusso
    @plazthefool
    @BitterisBetter
    @LadyAurora
    @WitchyWoman7  (Had a five-hour conversation in a Starbucks once.)
    @ElberethCrickhollow  (who I ran into in the Hofstra computer lab)
    @Green_Inkling / @Virtual_Alice (Once in Central Park, once in Arkansas)
    @sonnetjoy
    @thependragon
    @bloodtypo
    @jalixx3
    @betsyordie
    @KalynALaMode
    @Bokgwai
    @freakyjesusmusic
    @tracierh
    @withabandon
    @GreekPhysique  (Twice, once on Long Island, once at freakyjesusmusic’s house)
    @jessiru  (Liked her so much I married her.)
    @thecampbellkids
    @Monastro
    @BelovedDaughterofGod
    @KiraNYC
    @Saakara    (That was one awesome restaurant, too)
    @malenkaya

    (Who’d I forget?)

  • Xanga

    (Reposted from the Archives, written on the event of my 7-year Xangaversary.)

    In May and June of 2003, I was a substitute teacher at my old high school.  I didn’t have a teaching degree yet–not even my bachelors’–but it was a private school and they were hurting for subs, and I was hurting for the 75 bucks a day they were willing to shell out for me to run glorified study halls.  So I babysat for people only three years younger than myself, and I wore a tie and people called me “Mr. Russo.”

    When they had me sub for a class that was in the computer lab, I let the kids surf the web once their work was done.  At the time, all the high-schoolers had these weird blog-things called Xangas.  Neopets were out, Xangas were in.  A few of them explained the concept to me.  It sounded interesting.

    About a week later my younger sister, who was still in high school, had a big fight with my mom.  I asked what it was about.  It turns out my sister had gotten some sort of account on some sort of website where (my mother was convinced) she had made public all her private information and no doubt had pedophiles and identity thieves swooping down on her.  I asked my sister what it was called, and she said it was called a Xanga.  I made one myself, just to see how it worked, and when I saw that you could easily keep your private information private, I was able to assuage my mother’s technophobia.

    My sister has long since stopped blogging–not that she was ever an avid blogger anyway.  My mother eventually got a Xanga of her own, and held court for a while as lalalalooneylisa, until real life responsibilities ate all her blogging time.  But I am still here.

    When I started this Xanga, you could not reply to comments.  (People would hold conversations by going to the commenter’s site and leaving a return comment that started with “RYC.”)  There were no “Friends,” only subscribers.  There was no inbox, your private home page looked almost the same as your public page with a few extra buttons.  You had to actually go to your subscribed sites to see if they’d updated lately.  There was no Pulse.  XTV hadn’t even been dreamed of.  Blogrings were one of the only ways to meet like-minded people.  Xanga Premium got you the complete editing tools in your weblog editor, as well as the ability to host photos or have more than three profile pics.

    I’ve met friends here–friends who I’ve since attended their wedding and they’ve attended mine.  My wife first met me here, reading my posts before she’d met me in real life.  We broadcasted our wedding live on XangaTV.

    I’ve had as many as six other Xangas.  One was written by a fictional character from a series of short stories I wrote (an immortal Catholic former Crusader who was now a penitent old bookseller in Brooklyn).  One was my evil alter ego.  Two were anonymous, and two were my troll sites that I used to pick fights and rile up those easily riled up and say things that I myself couldn’t say without offending.  But this site here is my oldest, my main, and I always come back to it.  I’ve had it since June 4th, 2003.

    I don’t know what the future of Xanga is.  I don’t know if this steady traffic bleed will ever kill the whole network (and thus rendering my Lifetime Premium useless).  I don’t know if the gradual loss of my favorite bloggers will ever induce me to seek other communities for my creative outlet.  But I do know this: I am so very grateful to all that Xanga has done for me and has been for me.  These seven years have shaped me, both as a person and a writer, and Xanga has played a role in each.  And for that, I thank you, Xanga, plus all the Xangans who have thus poured into my life.

April 2, 2013

  • Winterfall (short story)

    A Tolkien fanfiction, told in my usual long-winded style. I had left it unfinished for nearly a year, but a conversation with Mirimaran (and a reminder of Robert E. Howard’s lifespan) inspired me to complete it tonight. Hot off the presses, let me know what you think.

    Winterfall
    14th of Hithui, 2911 of the Third Age

    Randirion shuffled from leg to leg. The night air bit through his woolen breeks, as though he were standing trouserless out in the dooryard. His nose had long since gone numb. Though he pulled his cloak tighter about him, it scarcely helped, not when fireside warmth glistened out from the cracks around the door, a mere step away, casting yellow gashes across the snow.

    He felt a shiver wrack its way across his body, and clamped his teeth together to keep them from chattering. Shivering is good, he heard Master Faelon’s voice say, somewhere in the back of his mind. Shivering means that your body is still fighting for warmth. It’s when the shivering stops that you want to worry.

    He smiled, despite himself, but the smile soon slipped. Old Faelon. The young Ranger couldn’t believe it had been three years already.

    The door opened abruptly, and two men stepped out, silhouetted in firelight: one, tall and broad of shoulder, the other shorter, with a coarse black beard. Randirion bowed from the waist, and said, “My lord Arador.”

    “Randirion,” said the taller man, nodding, as the other closed the door behind them. “You wanted to speak with me?”

    “It’s about my station, my lord. I would like to request reassignment.”

    “Ah,” said Arador, exchanging glances with his companion, as though this was something he had been expecting.

    “I thought perhaps I could be attached to Angagar’s patrol. She’s short a hand, and I know all of her—”

    “Randirion, how old are you?”

    Randirion hesitated, caught off guard. “I have seen thirty-seven summers, my lord.”

    “Thirty-seven,” said Arador slowly. “Some Rangers are still serving their apprenticeship at thirty-seven.”

    “Um. Yes, that is what I have heard. My lord.”

    “And yet, Randirion son of Ransul, at your young age, you have been placed as the lead of a two-blade patrol. This is an honor almost unprecedented.” Arador’s brows drew together like gathering storm clouds. “Is that not so?”

    “Yes, my lord, and I am grateful—”

    “If you are grateful, why do you question my judgment?”

    Randirion opened his mouth, and then closed it again. The only sound was the sweep of the wind across the loose snow-powder.

    “If you insist,” said Arador, “I will bring this matter before my father for arbitration. Is that your will?”

    Randirion found his voice. “No,” he said, swallowed, and said louder, “Forgive me, my lord. Please do not trouble Lord Argonui with my foolishness, my lord.”

    “Very well. Good night.” Arador turned and opened the door, re-entering the hall.

    Arador’s black-bearded companion made as though to follow, but hesitated at the threshold. “Problems with your patrol?”

    “You have no idea.” Remembering who he was talking to, Randirion added, “I… I just don’t think I am ready to lead others. Especially not…” Especially not her, he wanted to say, but he hated how that would sound.

    “Don’t look at it that way,” the bearded man said. “You’re not taking on an apprentice, after all, you’re only heading a patrol.”

    Randirion said nothing. It almost amounts to the same thing, he thought bitterly.

    The other waited for a moment, then sighed. “Look,” he said, “why don’t you take a loop westward. Monitor the Road between Bree and the Shire for a few weeks. Hole up in Buckland, or share some fat Shire-folk’s Yule feast. Take it easy. I don’t want to see you two back here until the new year.”

    The young Ranger stared. “Dirhael, what are you doing?”

    “I’m giving you a chance to buckle your armor,” the bearded man said sharply. “Your patrol is your armor out there, little brother.” When Randirion did not reply, Dirhael added, “You’ve lost comrades. You know what we face. You know what we do.”

    Unbidden memory: the snarling faces of orcs. Master Faelon’s face, ashen grey and unblinking. Idhron’s scream, broken off in the sound of crunching bone. The faint smell of rot drifting on the chill night breeze.

    “Yes,” said Randirion softly, shaking his mind free of memory, but Dirhael had already gone inside, closing the door behind him.

    Taurdal was a small village, and did not have a “street” as such, only a cleared lane with cabins on either side, the Chieftain’s Hall centermost, and the heavy stockade encircling all. Randirion ghosted between the buildings, moving from shadow to shadow out of pure habit. His eyes saw nothing but the dark looming bulks of buildings, and his ears heard nothing but the wind, but he knew better than to think that Taurdal lay unguarded, even at this hour.

    He stopped at one of the last outbuildings and stepped inside, stomping his feet to knock snow from his boots. It was little more than a small cabin, wood-floored, with a central fire-pit burning low. There was no furniture, but most of the floorspace near the fire was taken by Rangers: some writing, some sewing, some already sleeping in woolen blankets. Two three-blade teams and one two-blade team, all waiting for their next assignments, enjoying food and warmth and company while they lasted.

    And there, sitting nearest the door, running a small whetstone down the edge of her belt-axe, was the rest of his patrol.

    “Close the door behind you, please,” she said. “You’re letting in the cold.”

    Randirion clenched his jaw and slammed the door harder than was necessary.

    ###

    For a very young apprentice, springtime had meant travel: weeks of walking muddy trails, clearing fallen limbs, establishing checkpoints, practicing tracking, learning to conceal one’s path even on the wettest ground. Summer represented stealth, the time when apprentices focused on learning concealment, surveillance, how to set up and avoid ambushes. The autumn signaled a redoubling of weapons training: drills, sparring, and freeplay. But winter was a time to craft new gear, sitting near the fire working with bone needles while the elders and loremasters of Taurdal sang songs of the Elder Days.

    “And so the ship came to Forochel at last,” Faelon had said, spreading his arms dramatically. “Through storm and wave it came to the rescue of Arvedui Last-King, far up in the frozen northlands.”

    Young Randirion had tried to keep his mind on the haversack he was stitching, but of course the story consumed all his attention.

    “The Lossoth, the Snow-men of Forochel, brought the King and all his company out to the ship on their sliding carts. But they did not like Cirdan’s ship, for they had never before seen such a thing. And the leader of the Snow-men said to Arvedui, ‘Do not mount on this monster!’”

    The needle had slipped and jabbed Randirion’s finger. He winced and brought it to his mouth, but he had not stopped listening.

    Faelon’s voice had rumbled on. “‘Wait here until spring,’ the Snow-man said, ‘for now the Witch-King’s power is strong. In the summer his strength wanes, but now his cold breath is deadly, and his arm is long….”

    The wind scythed through the gap of Randirion’s cloak, drawing a gasp, and pulling his numbed mind back to the present.

    Four days had taken the two Rangers out of the Angle and to the Last Bridge, where they struck the Great Road; another seven days found Weathertop already dwindling behind. The Midgewater Marsh stretched away north of the road, a frozen snow-covered plain. The Road was a foot deep in crusted snow, undisturbed by print of foot or hoof. They had not seen orc nor elf, dwarf nor man, since leaving Taurdal.

    Randirion stopped, leaned on his spear, and looked back over his shoulder. Aereth was only four paces behind, muffled up in her gray cloak, arrow-fletchings rising over her shoulder like the crest of some strange bird. She stopped and rested the end of her bow on the ground. “Are we stopping already?” she asked, her voice muffled by her scarf.

    “No,” he said. “Unless you’re tired.”

    She said nothing to that, but started walking past him. He didn’t want to walk behind her, so he fell in step. Their snowshoes crunched in unison.

    “We might make the Forsaken Inn not long before sundown,” Aereth said.

    Normally Randirion would have jumped at the implicit suggestion. He was starting to crave hot food, and a night not spent sleeping in a snowbank, Ranger though he was. But somehow, the fact that Aereth wanted to stop at the Inn made him determined not to. “We’ll push on past,” he said. “We can make a few more miles.”

    After a pause, he heard Aereth singing softly under her breath, “When winter first begins to bite, and stones crack in the frosty night, when pools are black and trees are bare, ’tis evil in the Wild to fare.

    “What’s that?”

    “It’s a loreverse. I learned it from some hobbits, when Master Hirvegil and I were in Staddle.”

    “If you listen to hobbits, of course you’re going to be stopping at every inn.”

    She darted an annoyed glance at him, but said nothing.

    The sun was hanging low before them, shining in their eyes and painting the snow in pale gold, when a low shape ahead caught Randirion’s eye—a rambling structure roofed in snow. He pulled his hood lower over his eyes, trying to block out both the blinding sun and the sight of the inn. A warm hearth, said a rebellious voice at the back of his mind. Hot bread. Savory stew. Foaming ale.

    Shut up, he told that voice.

    “Wait,” said Aereth behind him. “Stop.”

    “We’re not stopping,” he said.

    “No, stop, really stop. Something’s not right.”

    Randirion froze. “What…”

    “I don’t see any smoke. Why would their fire be out?”

    Randirion’s eyes narrowed. She was right—there was no sign of smoke, only the cold snow-covered inn.

    “Off the road,” he hissed, and darted northward into the thickets. He heard the rustle of Aereth following.

    They pushed deep into the trees, then dropped to the ground. Randirion pushed back his hood, his breath steaming in the air. “We wait until dark, and circle around from the north,” he whispered. “Come from an unexpected direction. Don’t assume it’s safe until we know for sure.”

    “We shouldn’t wait,” she said. She pushed back her hood and tugged down her scarf. “If there’s a trail, we’ll need light to see it by, and if it isn’t safe, I’ll need light to shoot by.”

    “But stealth would—”

    Irritation showed in her grey eyes. “If you would rather that I accidentally shoot you in the back, then by all means, let’s wait for dark.”

    Randirion tried to think of another protest, but before he could, Aereth had her bow strung.

    They slipped between the trees like woodland wraiths, making as little noise as possible. The sun had gone, and the sky held only blue twilight, when they at last saw the inn again, from behind this time, dark between the bare trees. All was silent—no sound of voices, nor livestock, nor anything but the lonely wind.

    At the edge of the inn’s backyard, Aereth nocked an arrow. “Get up into one of those trees,” Randirion told her softly. “Cover me from there, and I’ll go forward.”

    “A tree,” she whispered, “is rarely a stable platform for archery.”

    “Will you just get up there?”

    She ignored him, but continued to stalk forward towards the inn, her eyes raking the shadowy structure.

    He followed after, silently cursing Dirhael. My patrol is my armor. Aye, plate armor—a clanking heavy mass that prevents speed and stealth.

    They crept around the side of the inn until they found a door—a little scullery door, really, leading out of the kitchens. It was hanging ajar, yawning on a black emptiness inside. Randirion drew up against the wall alongside it, trying not to be seen. His knuckles whitened on spear-haft. Right, he thought. Looks empty, but it could be a trap. Probably best to—

    Click. Click. Click. Aereth had taken an arrow from her quiver, an arrow with a knobby black mass caked behind its head: she was striking flint and firesteel together over it. Within moments the pitch-arrow had blazed into flame, and holding it before her like a torch, she stepped through the doorway, brushing past Randirion.

    “Aule’s bleeding blisters!” said Randirion, hurrying after her, spear at the ready.

    “There’s nothing here,” Aereth said. She moved further inward, her snowshoes clumping awkwardly on the floor. “Nothing alive, anyway. Look.”

    He could see the flame of her torch, see her face limned in firelight, her lips pressed tightly together. He could see the kitchens of the Forsaken Inn dimly sketched in the darkness: great cavernous hearths and iron pots all ashen-cold, bundled herbs hanging from the ceiling-beams like the boughs of strange trees. Everything was in disarray. Mugs and bowls lay scattered across the floor. And here and there, on the walls or on the floor, a stain had splashed, crusting over, black in the pitch-torch glimmer.

    Both Rangers knew the sight of blood, even blood several days old.

    Aereth found a broken lamp that, though its glass chimney had shattered, still contained some oil. She lit its wick with her pitch-arrow.

    Together they passed into the common room. The front door was open: was, in fact, lying full on the floor before the open doorway, its hinges burst. The tables were covered in the detritus of dinner, as though a full feast had been interrupted. One had been turned on its side, as though it had been used as a barricade. The benches were all upset, some dishes were shattered. Dried blood was everywhere, but—

    “No bodies,” Randirion breathed.

    Aereth moved about, peering at the marks on the floor, and as she moved the lamp, all around her the shadows shifted. “Were they taken prisoner?”

    “There can’t have been many taken, with that much blood spilt.” Randirion was poking his spear at what he had assumed was the remains of someone’s dinner, when his stomach lurched. “And there’s this,” he said tightly.

    She brought the lamp close. “It looks like…”

    “Bone,” he said. “Gnawed bone.” He looked over his shoulder at the open door. “They came in through the doors, strong enough to break right through. They killed all they saw. Some were eaten, right here, even their bones cracked open for marrow. The others…” Randirion crouched at a spot near the door, where eight shallow grooves were scored in the wooden floor. He placed his hand on the floor experimentally. The four fingers of his hand lined up with the marks. Fingernails, he thought, and looked up, following their line to the door. Some were dragged away alive. He could not repress a shudder.

    They left the inn as it was, broken and deserted. By now the night had fallen fully, and cold stars glittered far overhead. The Rangers set their faces toward the constellation Remmirath, and struck out west, still following the snow-buried Road.

    Just before morning they made camp. Through unspoken agreement, they did not risk lighting a fire or sleeping on the ground. They huddled up off the ground, in the branches of a spreading oak tree, exposed to the wind, trying to stay warm.

    “Not orcs,” Aereth said softly, almost too soft to be heard over the creaking of branches and the whistling of the wind. “Orcs would have taken them all captive, or killed them outright and left the corpses. Trolls, perhaps?”

    “No troll would have fit through that door,” Randirion muttered. He had pulled his hood down as far over his face as it would go. His breath steamed in the darkness before him. “They were beasts, I think. There was a silver platter on the table, and a dwarf-made axe behind the bar. Neither one had been taken. What came was interested only in meat.”

    “Not Wargs. If Wargs had come west out of Rhovianion, we would have known.”

    “Would we?”

    “There are a dozen patrols on this side of the Mountains.”

    “Yes, but Wargs have slipped past the patrols before. I once fought two Warg-riders in the Chetwood, not far from here.”

    “Two Wargs alone could not have done what we saw in that inn.”

    Randirion did not answer. He was tired of arguing, and he was tired of numb fingers and cold toes, and he was growing tired of the knots and knobs that jutted into his back when he leaned against the oak’s trunk.

    They passed the rest of the night in silence.

    ###

    By late-afternoon they reached Bree. They split up to avoid suspicion, Randirion entering the village through the southern gate while Aereth circled around the hedge to the western entrance. At nightfall they made rendezvous in the common room of the Prancing Pony.

    In a darkened corner they found a hooded figure already ensconced, the six-rayed brooch on its cloak dully catching the candle-light. As they settled into seats on either side, the figure pushed back its hood. It was Lithien.

    “I’m glad you’re here to help me with this mess,” the senior Ranger said, her sun-seamed face creased into its habitual frown. “Two farms on the outskirts of Staddle up and emptied overnight, nothing left but blood and rags and cracked bone. Coombe lost three.”

    “And… Archet?” Randirion asked, a hint of anxiousness in his voice. His estranged sister lived in Archet, now the wife of Hob Pickthorn.

    “I h’ain’t heard much from Archet, not as of this morning. They should be all right. No-one goes outside the hedges by night, now, and few by day. The Gate-guards of all four villages have taken to carrying cudgels.”

    “What’s out there?” asked Aereth.

    She started to answer, but broke off as old Mattuck Butterbur came stomping over with three foaming tankards. He thumped them down on the table, squinting at the three Rangers suspiciously, but his suspicion sagged and faded as he looked back to the nearly-empty common room. “Bad times for travel,” he ventured awkwardly. “You might want to think ‘bout lingering for a while.”

    Lithien threw back her white head and cackled: the sound was startling and loud in that quiet room. “Until business is better, you mean, old blunderer? Bring us three bowls of your stew, and let’s have no more of your sweettalking.” She waited until he was halfway back to the kitchen, muttering to himself, before she answered Aereth. “I haven’t seen aught, myself, but big paw-prints in the snow. Bears, that says to me, or wolves. But it’s not beasts that Bree-folk are talking of. If you ask any of the Bree-folk, Big or Little, they would tell you it’s ghosts.”

    “Ghosts?” repeated Randirion.

    “Aye. ‘Twas a little girl what started it, saying she was stalked home by pale shadows. The folk here have latched onto the idea.”

    “If the Dead are come,” said Aereth, “I think we can do little.”

    Randirion said nothing, his eyes far away.

    Lithien took a long draught of ale, and did not speak until she had wiped the foam from her lips. “We are too few, here. We need more than three.” She thought for a moment and then said, “There are two patrols at Sarn Ford, but that is far. I know of one a day or two up the Greenway: they will be the closest.”

    “I will find them,” said Randirion.

    “You do not know where to look,” said the older Ranger. “I will go. The two of you will look to the west.” She bit her lip, and added, “The Bree-landers have their fences, and that is well. But the periannath know nothing of fear. Their river is their shield, and there are three ways across: the ford, the ferry, and the bridge.” She took another drink. “Sarn Ford is guarded. And the ferry lies behind the High Hay, protected. It is the Brandywine Bridge you must look to. That is where I will meet you.”

    “Ma’am?” Randirion asked, confused.

    “Ghosts or beasts or whatever they are, do not let them get as far as the Shire. Hold that bridge against all that would do the halflings harm, until I return with help.”

    “Ah,” he said. “Right.”

    She stood, gathering her cloak about her. “I’ll not wait. The sooner I’m gone, the sooner I’ll be back. Rest and eat, but I want you on the road before the sun rises.” She fixed Randirion with an irritable glare. “No heroics. Hold the bridge, and wait. In seven days I will come and relieve you.” She pulled up her hood, wreathing her face in shadow. “Luck to you.”

    “Good night, Master Lithien,” said Aereth, as the senior Ranger slipped across the common room.

    Butterbur, carrying three steaming bowls on a tray, paused to watch Lithien leave the room. Then he continued to the table, set the tray down, and grumbled, “I suppose one of you will be payin’, then.”

    Randirion and Aereth looked at each other.

    ###

    The gatekeeper let them out at the western gate. He peered warily at them, but muttered “Careful out there!” under his breath. They stepped out onto the Road, and with a groan the heavy gate locked behind them. The sky was still star-strewn, though the east was gray. The air was biting cold, and stung in Randirion’s nostrils when he drew breath. All was still. All was silent. Even the wind had hushed.

    The two Rangers walked side-by-side on the westering Road, but they had not been walking for more than ten minutes before Randirion froze, peering ahead. He didn’t even need to say anything: Aereth had an arrow on the string almost before he had stopped moving.

    “What is it?” she whispered, almost too low to hear.

    “I thought I saw something move,” he said in the same tones. “There, ahead.”

    She stared out through the predawn-dimness, but shook her head. Randirion shifted his grip on the spear’s haft, and then started moving forward again.

    “What did you think you saw?” Aereth asked behind him.

    He didn’t answer. He wasn’t certain. Maybe all he had seen was the white snow-powder gusting across the road.

    Not far ahead, the Great East Road crossed another trail, what Bree-folk called the Greenway, the overgrown path leading from southern parts all the way up to Deadman’s Dike. A dark shape huddled at the junction like a forgotten bedroll. As they drew closer, Aereth suddenly gave a strangled cry and ran forward. Randirion did not understand, until he saw the six-pointed brooch on the bundle. In truth, there was little else left to identify her by.

    “Master Lithien,” he breathed.

    “She never made it a mile from the gates,” said Aereth, looking back at him, tears streaking her face. “And look.”

    All around the bloody bones were large pawprints, blurred and indistinct.

    They stopped long enough to gather the body and build a cairn over it, since the ground was too frozen to dig. As they washed their hands in the snow, Aereth looked at Randirion and said, “We should find the patrol near Fornost.”

    “No,” he said. “We follow orders. We get to the bridge and we hold it.”

    “If we do that, there’ll be no relief, no reinforcements—not for weeks.”

    Randirion shook his head. He didn’t like it, either, but he didn’t see what choice they had. “There’s not enough time,” he said. “Whatever this is, it’s too close to the Shire, and nothing’s guarding that bridge.”

    “We could split up…” Aereth ventured, but her voice trailed off. Even to her, it didn’t seem like a good idea, not when a Ranger as wily and battle-tested as Lithien had been caught unawares. She sighed. “West it is, then.”

    The Road stretched away westward from the Greenway, tree-lined now between Bree and Buckland. Randirion led the way along it, hurrying at Ranger Pace—alternating between a hundred steps at a lope and a hundred steps at a walk, tirelessly eating up the miles. The Bree-Hill faded to gray behind them.

    They travelled all that day without incident, not stopping until hours past sundown. They slept in turns, fitfully, the other keeping watch. It was not until about noon on their second day from Bree—though that was hard to tell, the sky having clouded over and threatening more snow—when the howling began.

    At first it was distant, behind and to the north-east, so faint that the Rangers had been hearing it for several minutes before they consciously noticed it. They exchanged worried looks, but Randirion said, “Let’s press on.”

    Then a howl answered from the south-east, closer, louder. It soared up and held a long, high, quavering note for several heartbeats before dying away. Despite himself, Randirion turned his head to look southward, though all he saw was the low roll of the Barrow-Downs like the waves of some vast white ocean.

    “So it’s Wargs, then,” said Aereth softly.

    “Mmmm,” said Randirion. He had heard Wargs howl, years before, but this was not like a Warg’s howl—full of battle and fury, like the sounding of a war-horn. Instead there was sadness in that cry, a wistfulness, and a hunger—eager hunger, a longing for satiation. Randirion could almost believe that it was the sound a ghost made.

    “If they’ve scented our trail, perhaps we should go back,” Aereth ventured.

    Randirion thought for a moment. “No,” he said at last. “They’ll be between us and Bree before long. And we may be closer to Buckland than we are to Bree.”

    They ran on in silence, their snowshoes crunching rhythmically. For a time no more howls broke the winter stillness, and they saw nothing but their own breath steaming in the air.

    It was perhaps an hour later, when Aereth stopped short, saying, “There’s something following us.”

    Randirion stopped and turned to look. It was hard to see: the Road stretched white-on-white beneath its long row of trees. For a long moment he couldn’t see anything. Then there was a faint flicker of movement, and for a moment the bottom of one distant tree-trunk vanished. A white shape, nearly invisible against the snow, trotting along the Road in their footsteps, several hundred feet away.

    A creaking sound: Aereth bent her bow. “It’s too far,” said Randirion.

    “I can make it.” She nocked an arrow and drew the fletching to her cheek. A long inhale, half an exhale, breath held, and… With a soft twang, the arrow leapt from the bow.

    The white shape danced aside suddenly, and stopped. When it stopped moving it became much harder to see, vanishing if one stared too hard or too long.

    Whipping another arrow from her quiver, Aereth drew and fired again. Again the white thing scurried to the side, and waited. She reached for her quiver again, but Randirion held out his hand. “Save your arrows.”

    They both stared out at the thing. They could not see its eyes, but they could feel it staring back.

    “It’s a wolf,” said Aereth, marveling. “A white wolf. Remember those rumors last winter?”

    Randirion said nothing.

    “Should we go after it?”

    He noticed suddenly that she was asking him for orders. He had no idea what orders to give. He missed Faelon more than ever, and how the old Ranger had always known what to do.

    He looked out at the strange white wolf, and suddenly had the unnerving feeling that it was taunting them, hoping to lure them, hoping to tease them into wasting their arrows and their energy on pursuing it.

    “No,” he said. “We push on, and wait for the right time.”

    They resumed their westward march, though now with frequent glances over their shoulders. Behind them, the wolf resumed its pursuit, keeping just out of bowshot, keeping just within sight. Above, fresh snowflakes began sliding down the winter wind.

    ###

    “There are two now,” said Aereth. “Still keeping far back.”

    Randirion smiled. “That won’t be a problem.” He pointed ahead.

    A dark blur stood out against the falling snow. As they drew closer, they saw that it was large copse of tangled trees, some last bastion of the distant Old Forest or the Chetwood, huddled here along the road.

    When you’re being pursued, Master Faelon had always said, make a great circle until you come to your own tracks, and lie in ambush. Now, Randirion thought, they had the cover to do so.

    They paced past the trees—skeletal and leafless, now, branches silvered with snow—until they were nearly past the copse. It was snowing harder, now, and when he glanced back, Randirion couldn’t see their pursuers. “This way!” he hissed, and darted off the Road into the trees, Aereth hard on his heels. The trees closed in behind them, screening them from the Road. Randirion, running in almost a crouch, began to turn to the left, back towards the east.

    A snowdrift ahead burst open in a flurry of powder, giving birth to a shaggy white shape—so close! Before Randirion could blink, it leapt at him.

    The Ranger had no time to stop, no time to dodge. He managed to throw his left arm across his face, and instinctively his chin tucked down. Then a great weight hit him in the face and the chest—he was spun around, something hit his head, and a great black roaring rent the world…

    It was the wind, roaring like the ocean waves, kicking up snow and scattering it. A winter gale was blowing across the North Downs.

    Randirion held up his lantern. It was a pitiful thing, really—a single candle’s light, flickering even in its protective cage of tin and horn, barely illuminating the ground at his feet. The Ranger stood alone on a barren hill in the North Downs and held his little lantern high, peering into the wine-dark night.

    Something stood there.

    There, on the faintest edge of candlelight, the glimmer fell on a shoulder, a hooded head, a silver brooch, and a cloak snapping in the wind like a banner. A Ranger, and not just any Ranger. The eyes were in shadow, but Randirion knew that hooked nose, those high cheekbones.

    “Master… Faelon?” he said aloud, the wind whipping his words away.

    The old Ranger was saying something. That is, his lips were moving as though he spoke, but all Randirion heard was the roaring gusts of the wind. Snow was kicked up in his face.

    Something wasn’t right, he thought, even as he strained to hear his master’s words. Something didn’t make sense. And then he remembered that Faelon was dead.

    He thought he could hear something now, above the wind’s assault: a voice speaking, though it didn’t sound like Faelon’s. Get up, it said. Get up. Get up.

    “Get up! Get up, blast you!”

    Randirion’s eyes snapped open. He was lying on his back. His head pounded—felt like a cracked egg. His ears were singing, and everything seemed blurry. He blinked, and the world began to focus.

    Someone was standing over him, wildly swinging.

    It was Aereth. She had planted herself over him, one foot to either side of his chest. Blood splashed brightly on the axe in her right hand, blood dripped from the dagger in her left, and blood darkly stained her cloak at the shoulder. Her hood had slipped back, and her dark hair spilled out about her face. Dazedly, Randirion thought she looked terrible and beautiful and fierce, all at once.

    A snarling, a great white thing lunged into his field of view, but Aereth brought her axe down on its neck in a spray of blood, shouting, “Get up! I know your head is harder than that tree! Get up—or we die!”

    It finally occurred to Randirion that she was speaking to him. He fumbled for his spear, found it lying within reach, and began to clamber to his feet.

    The world swam, but he could see them now: a circle of white wolves, shaggier than timber wolves, with snow-white fur. They were bigger, too, standing nearly chest-high at the shoulder. Their eyes burned yellow, their tongues—when they licked their chops—were a startling red, and their teeth—when bared—were a pinkish yellowish ivory.

    They circled in around the two Rangers. One rushed at him, but Aereth was there, stabbing at it, chasing it back. Yet while she did so, another wolf leapt for her hamstring. Randirion jabbed his spear at it, turning its charge aside, forcing it to face him instead.

    The wolves clustered closer. They did not howl, they did not snarl—they kept an eerie silence, except for the snap of their teeth and the pant of their breath and their quick, eager footsteps.

    The next few minutes were a scene of nightmare. The two Rangers stood back-to-back; the circle of white wolves closed in on them all at once. Randirion found himself using his spear more like a quarterstaff, thrusting and swinging with the butt-end as well as with the point, even kicking out with his snowshoes—all to keep those snapping jaws back. Once he plunged his spear into the chest of a wolf, only to have another wolf’s teeth sink into his calf: he kicked it away but lost his spear. He drew his long-seax and fought with it instead, hacking and swinging like a madman, conscious thought banished, sheer adrenaline and instinct carrying him forward.

    Then came the moment when the last wolf broke and ran, loping away between the trees. Randirion sagged to his knees, panting, his head throbbing like an orc drum, his leg burning; Aereth lunged for her bow with an oath and sent an arrow winging after the wolf, but neither could see if it hit or missed.

    They stared at each other then, blood dripping, breath gasping. Six white corpses lay at their feet.

    “They were… waiting for us,” said Aereth, catching her breath. “The two following… drove us right… into it. They… ambushed us.”

    Randirion didn’t reply. He was too busy breathing.

    In the distance, the howling began anew.

    ###

    They hadn’t spoken in hours. Night had long since fallen, but they walked on, pushing for Buckland, trying to ignore their injuries. The Road passed by beneath their feet, nearly unseen in the darkness.

    Randirion had cut himself a crutch from a sapling, but was having trouble coordinating the crutch with his snowshoes. The fact that he was carrying both packs did not make things easier, but Aereth’s torn back and shoulder could not take the strain of the packstraps. He leaned heavily on Aereth’s uninjured shoulder for balance: he could feel her wince with every step, but she said nothing, not even to complain.

    Every few hours, the howling would begin again, somewhere behind them, following them like a painful memory. Their steps would quicken the slightest bit when this happened, but beyond that, they made no remark.

    Sometime after midnight the snow stopped, and a scudding wind began to break up the cloud cover. As it did so, they saw a dark shape looming ahead against the stars. It was the Brandywine Bridge, arcing over the wide river like a giant’s bow: the entrance to the Shire. On the far shore, the lights of the Bridge Inn gleamed encouragingly. To their left they saw the great hedge curving away from the water, with the Hay Gate barring the way to Buckland.

    As they reached the bridge, Randirion sagged down and sat right on the first few snow-dusted paving stones, dropping both their packs. Aereth sat beside him, breathing hard. They said nothing for many minutes, feeling the burn of miles in their legs.

    At last, Aereth asked, “What now?”

    “We hold the bridge,” said Randirion, “at all costs.”

    Painstakingly, they dragged fallen logs and deadwood from the outskirts of the Old Forest. Halfway up the bridge’s span they piled a barricade, waist-high, crossing the bridge from rail to rail, with a small gap in the center. In front of the gap they lit a small watch-fire, with another at the foot of the bridge. Aereth strung her bow and set several arrows within reach. And then they sat down to wait.

    The great wheel of stars spun overhead. An hour passed. Randirion fed the watchfires. Aereth stood, rubbing at her injured shoulder, and handed Randirion her bow, saying, “I’ll be back.” She set off across the bridge toward the Inn.

    Randirion peered eastward into the darkness. Somewhere in the distance the white wolves began to howl again, closer than they were before. The night was bitter, bitter cold—the temperature had been dropping steadily since darkness fell. Randirion could remember colder winters up in the Angle, near the Misty Mountains, but down here in the Shire winters were usually milder than this. Now that he was no longer pushing himself to walk, he began to shiver. He crept close to the watchfire, knowing that he was lighting himself up as a target, but not caring.

    They’re wolves, he thought sleepily. They don’t have bows.

    The snow behind him crunched with bootsteps, and Aereth dropped down beside him, carrying two steaming tankards. “The innkeeper was a little startled to see a Big Person so far from Bree, and so late at night,” she said, “but he was kind enough to mull some wine nonetheless. Only half-pints, I’m afraid.” Randirion took his gratefully, sipping the welcome warmth, while she shook out her other prize: a white linen sheet. “Let’s see that leg,” she said, as she began to tear it into strips.

    Randirion kept his eyes out beyond the bridge, the tankard still in his hand, while she eased up the leg of his torn breeks and examined the old bandages beneath. “This will sting,” he heard her say.

    “Thank you,” he said suddenly.

    “For what? Hurting you?”

    “Saving me. Back there, when I was knocked over.”

    She said nothing for a minute. Dried blood had caked on the inside of the old bandage: she was carefully cleaning it off. “And what else,” she said at last, “did you expect me to do?”

    Randirion hesitated, casting about for the right words. “Look, I know we haven’t gotten along very well over the last few weeks—”

    “Ahhhhh. So what you’re saying is, you half-expected me to scurry up a tree and leave you to the wolves, and you’re relieved that I didn’t do so.”

    “No, I—that’s not what I—OW!” That last was as Aereth splashed his calf from a small bottle of brandy.

    “You don’t trust me,” she said in a low, terse voice, as she began to re-wrap his leg with clean linen strips.

    “That’s not true,” he said, hearing the defensive edge creep into his voice.

    “It is true. Ever since we’ve been assigned together, you’ve told me how to do my job. Clearly you don’t trust me.”

    Away in the darkness, a single voice raised up in that ghastly, lonely howl. A chorus of other voices rose to join it—perhaps a mile away, no more.

    “I’m… learning to trust you,” Randirion said at last.

    The fire popped and crackled. “It’s a start,” Aereth said softly, almost sadly. “I guess I can live with that.”

    She finished tying the bandage around his leg and pulled the leg of his trousers down. Randirion looked down. “Oh,” he said, “You’ve tied that all wrong.”

    Her eyes darted to his, sharp as arrowheads, until she saw he was holding back a grin. She sighed and shoved the rest of the linen strips into his hands as she shook her head. “Cute. Now bandage me, funny-man.”

    They repositioned themselves so that Aereth could keep an eye on the dark beyond the watch-fire. She loosened the laces of her tunic and her under-tunic, holding the fabric against her chest while she slipped her bare arm free. Randirion began to attack the old bandages–strips torn from the hem of his cloak that he had tied there after the attack. “What about you, then?”

    “What about me?”

    “Well, you don’t seem to trust me much either.” He released the last knot and began to unwind the blood-stained wool, passing it under her arm and over her shoulder. “Every decision I make, every suggestion I give, you contradict me.”

    “Sometimes you’re wrong. Sometimes I have a better idea. Is that so hard for you to believe?”

    He chuckled. “No, actually. I’m wrong a lot.” He peeled away the last layer and sucked in air through his teeth, seeing anew the rows of jagged gashes–black in the firelight. Ducking, he retrieved the little brandy-bottle and moistened a bit of linen. “But you can tell me I’m wrong without sounding like you’re speaking to a tom-fool.” He reached out to wipe away the crusted blood, but hesitated, meeting Aereth’s eyes. “You ready?”

    She nodded quickly, not speaking, for her teeth were clenched together.

    He cleaned the bite-wound quickly, but as gently as he could, feeling her tense and shiver under his fingers. Then he began to wrap her arm and shoulder with the new bandage. He kept wrapping until all he could see was her unbroken skin, golden in the fire-light, prickly with goose-flesh from the cold. He could feel her studying him: he thought about reminding her to keep watch, but said nothing.

    “You’re not a tom-fool, Rand,” she said quietly as he was tying the final knot. Their eyes met again. Hers were pale and glittering in the dim firelight.

    Randirion opened his mouth to speak, realized that he had forgotten what he meant to say, and looked away awkwardly.

    “Listen to us,” said Aereth, with a laugh that sounded slightly forced. Holding the neckline of her tunic tightly, she slid her arm back into its sleeve, and began to tighten up the laces. “Some patrol we turned out to be. It’s taking a plague of wolves to get us to start trusting each other. And we need to start trusting each other.”

    Randirion nodded. “Out here, one’s patrol is one’s armor.”

    She looked at him sideways and laughed. “Dirhael gave you that lecture too, huh?”

    Her laughter was cut off by the faint patter of footsteps in the snow. The east was greying with dawn, so that the rolling horizon of the Barrow-Downs and the first trees of the Old Forest stood stark and black against the sky, but below all was still dark, except for the faint flurry of movement on the far side of the lower watchfire.

    The Rangers reacted instantly: Aereth setting arrow to string, Randirion catching up his spear. Both clambered behind the barricade. “It’s beginning,” Aereth said in a soft sing-song.

    Beyond in the darkness, like flickering candle-flames, five sets of eyes fed and fattened on the fire-light, casting it back yellow-red.

    The wolves came together, at a rush, eerily silent.

    One’s first step into the light was also its last step in the circles of this world—Aereth’s arrow struck it between the eyes, sending it sprawling on the flagstones.

    The second was caught low in the upper ribs—below the heart, piercing the big muscles of the chest. Aereth hissed in annoyance. The wolf limped on a few more steps, but was quickly outpaced by its packmates.

    The third and fourth, passing the second watchfire, ran for the gap in the barricade, thinking to take advantage of this glaring weakness in the bridge defenses. From beyond the gap, Randirion’s spear slammed into the third wolf’s throat, rearing it up, pressing it back, as its snarl choked off in a gurgle. Its body blocked the gap, forcing the fourth wolf to turn aside.

    A scramble, a clamber, and the fifth wolf climbed to the top of the barricade. It hesitated there for a moment, ready to drop down upon Randirion. Aereth, however, had begun falling back, and the wolf was perfectly silhouetted against the fires. A twang, a thwack, and the wolf-shape dropped from view.

    By now the fourth wolf worked its way over its dying comrade and past the barricade. Randirion was there, blocking its path, holding his spear cross-ways across his body. The wolf leapt for his throat, but Randirion jammed the spear-haft into the wolf’s jaws, forcing its teeth to bite down on wood. In a motion almost too swift to follow, he released the spear with one hand and drew his longseax, slashing downward. The wolf kept pressing forward, snapping at the Ranger’s wounded leg, but after the second stroke it crumpled at his feet.

    Both Rangers limped back to the barricade, but there was no need: all they saw was the wounded wolf galloping back into the pre-dawn twilight.

    For a long moment they heard only the hiss and pop of the two fires. Then, away in the grey dimness, a single, low, wavering howl. Another joined in, a third. Ten—no, maybe twenty. Randirion lost count. It seemed as though a hundred chill voices sang in the grey morning.

    The sky was lighter now, thinning the daybreak pall. Color leeched back into the world, the red of blood and the grey of stone. The Brandywine River reflected back the pearl-grey sky in an unbroken sheen, as smooth and unbroken as a sheet of—

    “Ice,” Aereth breathed. She exchanged grim glances with Randirion.

    For the first time in a hundred years, perhaps even since the Long Winter, the Brandywine had frozen. And even as they watched, dim and fleeting in the pale morning light, they saw flickers of motion moving across the glassy surface. Pale wolf-shapes, silent as ghosts, passing across the frozen river. North of the Bridge they poured into Eastfarthing. South of the Bridge they passed into Buckland. Scores of silent white wolves crossed the river. The Rangers had no way to stop them.

    Randirion sagged where he stood, leaning on his spear-haft. They had failed.

    They could hear other noises now, as the wolves loped past. Far in the distance, they could hear the crashing of doors, the alarmed shouts of hobbit-men. Somewhere to the north they heard a pony scream. And then, shattering the early morning stillness, came the brassy shout of a hunting-horn, sounding the alarm. AWAKE! AWAKE! FEAR! FIRE! FOES! AWAKE! AWAKE!

    As if in mockery, the wolves took up a rival chorus, drowning the horn-call with their frozen voices.

    Randirion felt a hand on his shoulder. Aereth was staring at him. There was fear in her face, and exhaustion too, but her eyes were hard like flint. She gave him a slow nod.

    And like that, his despair fell away, like a rucksack dropped at his feet. Yes, they had failed to hold the enemy, and yes, they were far outnumbered—but they were Rangers of the North, and they would do what must be done. Someone had to.

    “Right,” he said, returning the nod. “We have a lot of work to do. Let’s move.”

    They broke into a run. Their cloaks twisted out behind them. And like grey ghosts, like the avenging spirits of Numenorian kings, the Rangers crossed into the Shire, pursuing their enemy.

March 27, 2013

  • Divorcing Marriage

    (Repost from the Archives 11/2008)

    Apparently, over in that sunny land of movie stars and cyborg overlords (known as California), something called “Proposition 8″ passed.  (If you ask me, it sounds like the name of one of Dr. Evil’s master plans, probably involving a phallic spaceship and some kind of meteor, or maybe an overambitious hooker.)

    From what my limited understanding can grasp, “Proposition 8″ had something to do with a statewide ban on gay marriage, or with defining marriage as being between only a man and a woman, or something to that effect.  And the fact that it passed (by something like 52% to 48%) has all sorts of people very upset.  (I saw a comment on Revelife where someone was wondering if it’s possible to “appeal.”  How does one appeal a statewide voter referendum?  Recount?)

    I. Could You Repeat The Question?

    What is it with this “War  on  over Marriage” anyway?

    See, there are those (both LGBT and non-) who believe that marriage is a “right” that all (consenting) people (of legal age) should have.  And then there are those (not all religious, though the religious ones seem to be the figurehead for this stance) who believe that marriage should be something that occurs only between a man and a woman.

    And the fight goes on.

    Well?  What is it?  Is marriage a right for all?  What is marriage, anyway?

    Let’s try dictionary.com

    1. the social institution under which a man and woman establish their decision to live as husband and wife by legal commitments, religious ceremonies, etc.
    2. the state, condition, or relationship of being married; wedlock: a happy marriage.
    3. the legal or religious ceremony that formalizes the decision of a man and woman to live as husband and wife, including the accompanying social festivities: to officiate at a marriage.

    (and some others that don’t concern us as much)

    And the ever-popular Wikipedia…
    Marriage is an institution in which interpersonal relationships (usually intimate and sexual) are acknowledged by the state or by religious authority. It is often viewed as a contract.

    Pinky, are you pondering what I’m pondering?  Look–do you see it?!

    One word, two little letters.  “or”

    Legal “or” religious ceremony.  Acknowledged by the state “or” by religious authority.  “Legal commitments,” comma, “religious ceremonies,” comma, “etc.,” indicating that “Legal commitments” and “Religious ceremonies” are two separate elements in a list.

    The two are not the same.

    What we have here, ladies and gentlemen, are two kinds of marriage.  The former is legal: the state acknowledgement of a union between two property-owning individuals.  The latter is religious: the church (temple/mosque/coven) acknowledgement of a union between two souls that is blessed by God/gods/Goddess/Xenu.

    This War on Marriage is between two groups that quite often are using different conceptions of the contested issue.

    II.  Splitting Up

    Was marriage originally in the purview of the State or of Religion?  It’s hard to say.  For the ancient Greeks it seems to have been neither: all that was required for marriage was mutual consent or familial consent (not unlike “common law” marriages.  In Europe, it is not until the rise of Christianity that marriage became a religious thing (with the Christian Roman emperors banning same-sex marriage in 342 A.D., for example, or the Council of Trent declaring that marriage needed two witnesses in 1545).  And it isn’t until John Calvin’s day that any European nation had state involvement in marriage.  In England in 1837, legal marriage became an alternative to religious marriage…  and today we have the two as separate (though indistinct) events.

    Much is talked about The Separation of Church and State.  (Which is not always opposed by Christians: I myself am highly in favor of the Separation of Church and State.  It is, in fact, a Baptist Distinctive.)  If we hold that a Separation between Church and State is good, does it not also hold that there must be a Separation of Church-Marriage and State-Marriage?

    In short: the issues which should be under the governance of State-Marriage should be financial, legal and social; the issues which should be under the governance of Religious-Marriage should be ethical and spiritual.  And the two should be very separate, entirely distinct institutions, in which the one cannot tell the other whom they can and cannot accept.

    What am I saying?

    I’m saying we need to divorce Marriage from Marriage.  The two forms of marriages are under the purview of two separate institutions with separate goals, and should reflect that.  (Perhaps we need different names.)

    I’m saying that the government should only deny State-marriage to people if such a marriage violates the goals and purpose of the government: that is, if it would infringe on someone’s Life, Liberty, or Right To Property (such as in a marriage involving someone below legal age or involving a non consenting partner).  Marriage is not a right–I wish people would stop saying it was–but it’s also something that the government should have a good reason for denying.  All the government needs to be concerned with is the protection of its citizens’ life, liberty, and right to property–vague concepts like “decency,” when separated from their religious/ethical sources, become nonsensical when they are used in government. The function and purpose of government is to protect its citizens and its citizens’ rights.  Going strictly by that as a guideline, there are only a few reasons that would justify denying someone State-marriage.

    I’m saying that the Church (or mosque, or temple, or synagogue) should have the ability to deny Church-marriage if granting such a marriage violates the goals and purposes of that Church.  The purpose of Religion is to honor its Deity(ies): a Christian church’s goal is to glorify God, a mosque’s goal is to glorify Allah, a coven’s goal is to glorify the Goddess and her Consort, etc.  And it is the individual denomination that dictates how God/Allah/Goddess is best glorified.  Thus, whether a church allows gay (or polygamous, act.) Church-marriage should be contingent on whether that church’s faith understands such a Church-marriage to be glorifying to its Deity(ies).  (And if a church decides that granting gay marriage does not glorify God, that is the affair of that church and its members and should be no concern of the state.  And if a church decides that granting marriage to a group that the state denies marriage to does glorify God, it also should be the affair of the church and no concern of the state.)

    III.  Objection!  /  Lewis Weighs In

    Some LGBTs or their proponents may object to my stance as still denying them something.  They might object that I’m saying they can have State-marriage but not Church-marriage, I’m treating them as seperate-but-equal, it’s no better than “civil unions.”

    To which I say: Who’s denying you anything I don’t deny myself?  I’m saying each institution’s marriage-granting should directly stem from that institution’s purposes.  And frankly I don’t see anything that impedes the government’s purpose if it grants State-marriage to gay marriages (or to polygamous marriages, or polyandrous marriages) provided all concerned are of legal age and are consenting.  Whether a Church will grant a gay couple a Church-marriage is up to the individual Church.  If a gay couple finds a religion or denomination that is willing to grant them Church-marriage, then so be it.  (But that’s nothing that’s not on myself: if I were openly violating a tenant of my church, such as sleeping with my fiancee before our wedding, and there was no repentance, my pastor would refuse to conduct our wedding ceremony.)

    On the flip side, some Christians may object to my stance on this as being a bad compromise–that I’m throwing the issue to the LGBTs.  They argue that marriage is a sacred institution (to which I argue, Church-marriage is) and needs to be protected.  To which I say, Yes–marriage needs to be protected–but not by the government.

    It’s funny: C.S. Lewis speaks to this issue perfectly.  Well, he wasn’t really speaking to this issue: he was talking about British citizens who were Christian campaigning for stricter divorce laws.  But it fits so well.  Let’s see what Lewis has to say.

    “Before leaving the question of divorce, I should like to distinguish two things which are very often confused. The Christian conception of marriage is one: the other is the quite different question — how far Christians, if they are voters or Members of Parliament, ought to try to force their views of marriage on the rest of the community by embodying them in the divorce laws. A great many people seem to think that if you are a Christian yourself you should try to make divorce difficult for every one.

    “I do not think that. At least I know I should be very angry if the Mahommedans [Muslims] tried to prevent the rest of us from drinking wine. My own view is that the Churches should frankly recognize that the majority of the British people are not Christians and, therefore, cannot be expected to live Christian lives

    There ought to be two distinct kinds of marriage: one governed by the State with rules enforced on all citizens, the other governed by the Church with rules enforced by her on her own members. The distinction ought to be quite sharp, so that a man knows which couples are married in a Christian sense and which are not.”

    –C.S. Lewis, Mere Christianity (emphasis mine)

    Christians, listen up.  America is a democratic republic, and thus we are supposed to vote our conscience when we elect leaders.  But at the end of the day, government is only government.  We can’t use government to enforce Christian ethics on nonChristians, and we shouldn’t expect nonChristians to act like Christians.

    We cannot base our government on God’s perfect law (which would make criminals of us all anyway–remember Jesus?).  At best we can base our government–as it was originally intended to be based–on natural law, on the idea of universal human rights which the government is supposed to protect.

    Therefore, we as Christians should not attempt to impose the realities of Church-marriage onto State-marriage, or on Church-marriage from other faiths.  Yes–I believe that my faith teaches that marriage is supposed to be between a man and a woman.  But that is something that my church must enforce on its members, not that my government needs to enforce on its citizens.  Yes–I believe that divorce shatters families and, if possible, should be avoided.  But that is something my church must teach its members, not that my government needs to enforce on its citizens.

    [Edited to add:]
    I’m tired of fighting for the soul of society.  We Christians are not called to do that, no matter what religion the Founding Fathers adhered to.  We need to jettison this idea that America is a “Christian nation” and that it is up to us to keep her Christian–that’s not our purpose.  We’re not supposed to be of the world, remember?  Our purpose as Christians is to make disciples of all nations–to fight for the souls of individuals.  Give society up: it’s a lost cause.
    [/EDIT]

    IV.  A Rose By Any Other Name…

    So I agree with Lewis.  We need to have a sharp, clear distinction between Church-marriage–the religious institution, specifically (in my case) the Christian institution–and State-marriage–the economic and social institution.

    Part of the problem is that we call both “marriage.”  It’s like the they’re/their/there confusion.

    So why not change one of their names, or both?

    Frankly I’m all for letting “marriage” be a solely religious idea, and let the social/economic union of two people just be called a “civil union” with all the secular rights and privileges and social status of “marriage.”  But I know the LGBTs and others object to that–they say by denying them the word we’re making them “second-class citizens.”

    So I say let’s change the Church’s word.  “Marriage” can be the secular idea of two people living together, having a sexual relationship, pooling their bank accounts, raising a family.  But let’s have a different word to mean “A God-blessed union.”  (Perhaps a greek word, like “theogamy?”)

    Thoughts?

January 18, 2013

January 10, 2013

  • Why Would Civilians Own Military-Style Weapons?

    This will be my last gun-related post for a while–I hope.  But I’ve been repeating myself a lot lately, and when I find myself repeating myself a lot, it’s nice to be able to put my thoughts all down in one place (like this blog post) which I can link to and reference.

    As the gun control discussion heats up here in the U.S., politicians who are in favor of various types of gun bans keep assuring me that they won’t infringe on the rights of hunters.  They tell me that they just want to ban and/or confiscate “military-style” weapons but will not make it harder to own “sporting” weapons.

    I think these politicians are a little confused.  See, while I am a hunter, and while I appreciate their assurance that my Marlin .35 won’t be made illegal, I know that the Second Amendment was not written to protect the rights of hunters.  The preservation of gun ownership for the purposes of hunting and target shooting is a nice by-product, a perk, but it’s not the function nor the purpose of the Second Amendment.

    So what is the purpose of the Second Amendment?  Why does it say that citizens should have the right to bear arms?
    I’m an English teacher, so my first response to questions like these is to go back to the text.

    1) “A Well-Regulated Militia”

    Here is the actual text of the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

    It’s important to recognize the reason for this amendment–and for the other ten amendments that make up the Bill of Rights of the Constitution.  The Founding Fathers were concerned about the abuses of power that they had suffered at the hands of the British government.  They were focusing very hard on making a system of government which could not inflict such abuses on its citizens.  The First Amendment was established because the British government had limited the free speech and ability to assemble of colonial citizens; the Third Amendment was established because the British government had quartered its troops in the homes of colonial citizens, etc.

    The Second Amendment was no exception.  As tensions in the colonies rose, the British government had taken steps to disarm the colonies.  Before the war, as dissenting Americans formed their own militias (in opposition to the Loyalist militias), Parliament established an embargo on firearms and ammunition on the colonies.  The first shots of the Revolutionary War, fired at Lexington and Concord, were sparked by an attempt of the British Regulars to seize and confiscate a cache of arms from a local militia.

    It’s also worth noting that the Constitution would not have been ratified were it not for the addition of the Bill of Rights.  Anti-Federalists were concerned that the Constitution gave too much power to a central federal government and did not leave enough power for the state governments.  The amendments of the Bill of Rights were a way of placating the Anti-Federalists, limiting the abilities of the federal government.

    So, why does this amendment say that the people should get to own weapons?

    It specifically says that it’s because “a well-regulated militia” is “necessary to the security of a free state” (Emphasis mine).  That is, should the government of the United States ever become tyrannical, or should the United States ever come under threat of foreign invasion, the Founding Fathers wanted average citizens to be able to resist, the way they themselves had resisted in colonial militias.

    Noah Webster confirmed this when he said,
    “Before a standing army can rule the people must be disarmed; as they are in almost every kingdom in Europe. The supreme power in America cannot enforce unjust laws by the sword; because the whole body of the people are armed, and constitute a force superior to any band of regular troops that can be, on any pretence, raised in the United States.”

    Similarly, James Madison spoke of “the advantage of being armed” as the reason the people need never fear their government. 

    The Second Amendment isn’t about hunting.  It’s about the right of the people to defend themselves against a hypothetical future tyrant.

    2)  Who is in the Militia?

    “Ah,” you may say.  “But it specifically mentions militias.  So if citizens want to own firearms, they should have to join the National Guard.”

    Not quite.  There are two more laws I’d like to look at, as well as two Supreme Court Rulings.  What it comes down to is that the definition of “militia” is more fluid than many people realize.

    The first militias under the new government were akin to the “posse” of Western movies: law enforcement officers such as sheriffs were often underarmed, and in the event that greater force was needed, they rallied a bunch of armed citizens to help enforce the law.  This changed with the Militia Acts of 1792, which established state militias and set rules for their use.  The second Militia Act of 1792 was actually an act of conscription: it declared that the militia consisted of every “free able-bodied white male citizen” between the ages of 18 and 45, with the exception of those in certain occupations.  All such citizens were responsible for owning and maintaining their weapons (a musket, a bayonet, gunpowder, 24 bullets, etc.)

    These militia acts were replaced by the Militia Act of 1903, which re-organized the militia into a federally-funded body, the “organized militia” (the National Guard).  But this act did not fully do away with the earlier definition of “militia.”  It still allows for the “unorganized militia,” which consists of:

    • All able-bodied males between the ages of 17 and 45
    • All retired members of the armed forces up to the age of 64
    • All female citizens who are also members of the National Guard

    To put it simply, if you fall into these categories, you already are a member of a militia–whether you know it or not.

    (Not that gun ownership is limited to these militia members.  The Supreme Court has ruled that firearm ownership is not contingent upon membership in a militia–even with such a broad definition of “militia” on the books.  In 2008 the Supreme Court ruled in a fascinating case known as District of Columbia v. Heller, in which the constitutionality of Washington D.C.’s handgun ban was challenged.  In the Court’s ruling, the majority opinion interpreted the Second Amendment as being linked to the idea of the unorganized militia, but not contingent upon it: The first part of the Amendment is its purpose, but the second part is not limited by the first part: “…the right of the people… shall not be infringed.”)

    As a member of the unorganized militia, I actually have a responsibility to defend my country, whether against outside invasion or against unjust internal tyranny.

    3)  What kinds of firearms should the unorganized militia have access to?

    It has been said facetiously, by some proponents of gun control, that if the Second Amendment guarantees the right to bear arms, the only types of arms covered by this guarantee should be those arms in existence at the time of the Second Amendment’s drafting: namely, flintlock muskets.


    This is, of course, patently ridiculous, and the Court ruling in D.C. V. Heller explains why.  “We do not interpret constitutional rights that way. Just as the First Amendment protects modern forms of communications, e.g., Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 521 U. S. 844, 849 (1997), and the Fourth Amendment applies to modern forms of search, e.g., Kyllo v. United States, 533 U. S. 27, 35–36 (2001), the Second Amendment extends, prima facie, to all instruments that constitute bearable arms, even those that were not in existence at the time of the founding.

    This is not to say that every kind of weapon should be available to the average citizen.  I would not advocate that non-military citizens, whether militia members or no, should have the individual right to own smart bombs, predator drones, or bunker-busting missiles, by any means!

    The National Firearms Act of 1934 was passed in response to criminals using weapons superior to those policemen had available.  Who doesn’t associate the 1920s gangster with any other weapon than the Tommy-Gun (Thompson Sub Machine gun)?  Fitted with a drum mag, this fully-automatic weapon was the bane of policemen for years.  So, Congress passed a law strictly regulating ownership of machine guns, silencers, grenades, and short-barreled shotguns.

    I have no problem with such a law–that makes perfect sense.  But here’s where it gets interesting. 

    In the Supreme Court case United States v. Miller, a man was prosecuted for transporting a short-barreled shotgun in violation of the National Firearms Act.  His defense was an appeal to the Second Amendment.  But the prosecution (the U.S. Government) tried to argue that the Second Amendment didn’t count here specifically because the shotgun had no military purpose, and “The Second Amendment protects only the ownership of military-type weapons appropriate for use in an militia”!

    That’s almost the opposite of what gun-control advocates are arguing now.


    Anyway, the Court upheld the NFA in Miller.  The Second Amendment does not apply to all kinds of weapons.  It is not a violation of the Second Amendment for the government to restrict certain kinds of weapons.  However, there is the strong implication that it *does* protect private civilian ownership of weapons appropriate for the military, because of the broad-based definition of “militia.”  The court ruled that Miller was not guaranteed the right to own a sawed-off shotgun because such a weapon had no military application for the public defense.

    In the Court’s later ruling in Heller, the majority opinion commented on Miller‘s ruling:
    “We may as well consider at this point (for we will have to consider eventually) what types of weapons Miller permits. Read in isolation, Miller’s phrase “part of ordinary military equipment” could mean that only those weapons useful in warfare are protected. That would be a startling reading of the opinion, since it would mean that the National Firearms Act’s restrictions on machine guns (not challenged in Miller) might be unconstitutional, machine guns being useful in warfare in 1939. We think that Miller’s “ordinary military equipment” language must be read in tandem with what comes after: “[O]rdinarily when called for [militia] service [able-bodied] men were expected to appear bearing arms supplied by themselves and of the kind in common use at the time.” …The traditional militia was formed from a pool of men bringing arms “in common use at the time” for lawful purposes like self-defense. “In the colonial and revolutionary war era, [small-arms] weapons used by militiamen and weapons used in defense of person and home were one and the same.”

    So, that being said, what kind of firearm should we expect the unorganized militia to be able to own?

    Average soldiers in modern militaries are armed with Assault Rifles–select-fire automatic rifles with detachable magazines, such as the AK-47 or the M4A1.  However, civilians generally cannot purchase, import, or manufacture such a weapon: ownership of fully automatic weapons is very strictly regulated.  I don’t think the unorganized militia or the average citizen should be able to privately own Assault Rifles.

    But neither do I think the unorganized militia should be limited to bolt-action and lever-action rifles.  If the purpose of the unorganized militia is the final defense of our nation in the face of invasion or tyranny, perhaps even going toe-to-toe with a standing army, they are at a disadvantage to begin with (in terms of training, resources, etc.).  Limiting such a militia to manually-cycled actions seems to violate what the Court’s ruling in Miller seemed to consider the purpose of the Second Amendment.  In Miller, the Court seemed to expect citizens to be able to purchase firearms that had a military application: “military-style rifles” or what we now call “assault weapons.”

    So I would argue that, in light of the Militia Acts, in light of Miller and Heller, in light of the way that the Supreme Court seems to agree that the Second Amendment should be interpreted, it does not make constitutional sense for the federal government to be able to restrict the ownership of semi-automatic rifles with detachable magazines–which are among those firearms which are “one and the same” with those currently “used in defense of person and home.”  Semi-automatic rifles are among the most common forms of rifle, even for purposes such as hunting.  And semi-automatic rifles make an excellent weapon for a militia member–practical for field use as well as defense, while not being what the Supreme Court considered “highly unusual” for civilian possession.

    4)  In Summation:

    So while it is very nice of my governor to assure me that he supports the Second Amendment by supporting hunting, that’s not what the Second Amendment is about.

    The Second Amendment is about the ability to defend oneself against a variety of threats.
    The Second Amendment is about resisting tyranny and invasion.
    The Second Amendment is about not being afraid of one’s own government.
    The Second Amendment is about, even as a civilian, helping to provide for the common defense.

    And in light of all that, I feel that these proposed bans of “military-style” weapons or semiautomatic rifles violate the spirit of the Second Amendment.

    Further Reading:
    The complete ruling of District of Columbia v. Heller, 2008
    The Wikipedia article on the U.S. Militia

December 17, 2012

  • What is an “Assault Weapon”?

    In the wake of the recent school shooting, politicians are starting to talk about placing a “ban on assault weapons.”

    Here’s the problem: “assault weapon” does not mean what you think it means.

    It sounds like a scary thing, right?  Dangerous weapons of war.  Things that kill lots of people.  But the fact is that whether or not a rifle is considered an “assault weapon” has almost nothing to do with how well it kills.

    What many people are thinking of when they say “assault weapon” is actually an Assault Rifle.  An assault rifle is defined as a select-fire automatic rifle with medium-grade ammunition.

    And here’s the thing: since 1986, almost no civilian in the United States can own an assault rifle unless it was grandfathered in.  Regulation of assault rifle ownership is extremely tightly regulated.  Civilians who own AK-47s and the like have had them modified to be semi-automatic.  The Connecticut shooter wasn’t using an assault rifle.

    As opposed to the technical term “assault rifle,” “assault weapon is a political term.  Its only official definition lies in the 1994 Federal Assault Weapons Ban, which lists a set of features–cosmetic accessories–which make a rifle an “assault weapon.”  (Civilians cannot own a rifle that possesses more than two of these features.)  These features include:
    Folding stocks
    Collapsible stocks
    Pistol Grips
    Flash Suppressors
    Barrel Shrouds
    Bayonet Lugs

    Notice that almost none of these have to do with how powerful the rifle is, how large the caliber is, or how effectively it kills.  There are rifles chambered in .22LR (a varmint round for hunting rabbits) that are considered “assault weapons” under this ban.

    All that we know so far about the rifle that Adam Lanza stole from his mother is that it was a semiautomatic .223 Bushmaster.  Most news reporters keep using the terms “high powered rifle” and “military style rifle,” almost meaningless terms: my guess is that it was something in the style of an AR-15.  But that’s the key word.  “Style.”  Whether or not that gun was an assault weapon has to do with “style.”

    Many deer rifles–some of the best deer rifles, in fact–are semiautomatic, sometimes magazine-fed.  (Granted, the mags are usually smaller-capacity, but still.)  They are not “assault weapons,” they do not look military, but the fact is, such a deer rifle could have been equally deadly in this school shooting than the Bushmaster that was used.  The .223 is one of the smallest centerfire cartridges in terms of diameter, and it isn’t enough for hunting anything bigger than a coyote.  A larger-caliber deer rifle could have fired just as quickly, reloaded just as quickly, and yet delivered more impact trauma.

    Even non-semi-automatic rifles could have been almost as deadly.  A lever-action or pump-action must have its action manually cycled between shots, but that happens very quickly, and one can top-up its magazine without having to remove it.  What about those?

    So my question is: how much would a further “assault weapon ban” accomplish?  If it isn’t really the style of gun that made this killing so deadly, what would banning that style do?

    There’s a form of gun control that I am highly in favor of, and that I don’t see being discussed enough.

    That is, control of one’s own guns.

    The fact is, these weren’t Adam Lanza’s guns, they were his mother’s.  And his mother, I should point out, was his first victim.

    As a responsible gun owner, I have to ensure that my firearms do not get into anyone’s hands but my own, with the possible exception of a trusted spouse.  Leaving a rifle in a closet or under the bed is unacceptable–and doubly so with a handgun.  At any point when my rifle is unattended, it should be locked up, the ammunition should be locked up in a separate place, and perhaps even the bolt removed and locked in a third place.

    Lanza should never have been able to access guns that did not belong to him.  That is gun control that I will support.  All this other stuff, all these proposed bans, I can’t see them helping much.